The geographical and environmental factors that have intervened in the city's evolution and development have been maritime influences, its location in two river valleys, Guadalhorce and Guadalmina, its relief and its climate.

Surface area: 7,276 Sqkm.

Population: 1,491,287 inhabitants (2006)

Surface Area: 398.25 SqKm.

Population: 560,631 inhabitants (2006)

Whilst the Mediterranean Sea bathes the Malaga coastline, the Malaga Mountains close ranks behind to form a barrier of peaks that protects the city from the cold, whilst the regulating effect of the sea ensures the area its characteristic mild temperatures. The hottest months are July and August and the coldest are usually December and February, when the average temperatures vary between a maximum of 22.8ºC and a minimum of 13ºC. Rainfall in Malaga follows the seasons, with the most abundant rains occurring in autumn and winter.

At the mouth of the River Guadalhorce, river sediments have formed the area known as the "Guadalhorce Mudflats". Declared a Protected Natural Space in 1989, they currently occupy an area of 60 hectares. The other river that has played a decisive role in the history of Malaga is the Guadalmedina, which in Arabic means "the river of the city". It is 47 kilometres long and is fed mostly by the waters that run down from the Malaga Mountains.

The Malaga Mountains were declared a National Park in 1989. This gave greater protection to an area of 4,762 hectares, of which 97% is located within the municipality of Malaga. Its relief is steep and rugged, with summits that reach an average altitude of 500 metres. Its tree cover originates from the hydrological-forestry reforestations carried from the end of the 30s and the area contains over 230 different varieties of vegetation and more than 160 species of vertebrates.